Why does blood sugar rise | How to recognize high blood sugar | Treatment
The norm of blood sugar ranges from 3.3-5.5 mmol / L. This indicator is the same for children and adults. During the day, it can vary, but in the specified range. Increased blood sugar indicates physiological changes in the body or serious illness, in particular, for diabetes.
Why does blood sugar rise
The reasons:
- severe stress;
- use of steroid drugs;
- pregnancy;
- overeating, a large amount of carbohydrates;
- diabetes.
As you can see, not always is a decrease in blood sugar a harbinger of diabetes. If the causes are not associated with a serious illness, then the level quickly normalizes without any external interventions. You can label it diabetes if the amount of glucose in two tests taken after a certain period of time exceeds 7 mmol / L.
How to recognize high blood sugar
Signs of an increase in blood sugar:
- intense thirst, even at night (removing sugar requires a lot of fluid, the body begins to receive it from internal organs, so thirst appears);
- constant hunger (sugar is not converted into energy, so the body is looking for other energy sources and requires replenishment from the brain from the outside);
- frequent urination
- fatigue, lethargy and weakness;
- headache;
- nausea and vomiting;
- sharp weight loss;
- sometimes impaired vision.
Symptoms of high blood sugar indicating diabetes:
- weight gain;
- gloominess, drowsiness, irritability;
- numbness of the hands and feet;
- slow reduction of wounds due to a decrease in immunity;
- vaginal infections;
- decreased potency in men;
- skin diseases.
Disruptions are more serious, since the body has long been exposed to the destructive action of indigestible glucose.
Treating High Blood Sugar
If diabetes is diagnosed, it is necessary to monitor blood sugar daily and strictly follow the doctor’s recommendations. The approximate treatment regimen is as follows:
- diet therapy;
- regular blood tests for blood sugar and recording results;
- regular and balanced physical activity;
- the use of medications that reduce blood sugar, and insulin in the appropriate dosage.
If diabetes is diagnosed, it is necessary to monitor blood sugar daily!
The rules of diet therapy:
- reducing fast-acting carbohydrates (jam, grapes, figs, pure sugar, confectionery, etc.);
- reduced calorie intake;
- compliance with the principles of proper nutrition (five to six times a day, at the same time);
- sufficient vitamins and minerals (any vegetables, herbs, rose hips, black currants, apples, etc.).
Be sure to eat fish, meat, dairy products, eggs, animal and vegetable oil, bran bread. In any case, the diet needs to be agreed with the attending physician.
Blood sugar-lowering drugs are prescribed by a specialist!
Blood sugar-lowering drugs are prescribed by a specialist. The most common are:
- Biguanides (Silubin, Adebit, Glyformin, Glucofage and others) – help insulin deliver glucose to cells;
- Sulfanylureas (Tolbusal, Diabetol, Orabet, Orinaza and others) – reduce blood sugar by stimulating the pancreas to produce insulin, decreasing glucose stores in the liver, increasing the peripheral effect of the hormone in insulin-dependent tissues;
- Meglitinides (Novonorm, Starlix) – stimulate the secretion of insulin, which reduces glucose;
- Dipeptidyl peptidase inhibitor – stimulate not only the pancreas, but also the liver, which controls glucose levels.
Each group of drugs has side effects. Therefore, follow your doctor’s recomendation.